Theoretical models aimed at explaining the evolution of honest. informative begging signals employed by nestling birds to solicit food from their parents. require that dishonest signalers incur a net viability cost in order to prevent runaway escalation of signal intensity over evolutionary time. Previous attempts to determine such a cost empirically have identified two candidate phys... https://www.freaknleather.com/product-category/3m-papr-accessories-and-consumables/