The activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway is recognized as a key regulator of the plant defense mechanisms in response to insect attacks. The MAPK pathway comprises three main components: MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase (MAPKKK). MAP Kinase Kinase (MAPKK) and MAP Kinase (MAPK). The MAPKKK is the first kinase in the MAPK cascade. https://www.darthomes.shop/product-category/toilet-paper-holders/